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Sport as Conflict
Sport fulfils a number of roles in society: it unifies people and nations behind a team, it provides children with role models, and often brings the international community together through tournaments. It could be said that it has another role— a less violent alternative to war. Nuclear deterrents, increased globalisation, effective international organisations, and a … Continue reading Sport as Conflict
Temporal over Spiritual Power in the Medieval Church? Part II: The Avignon Papacy and the Great Papal Schism
Although the Catholic Church had asserted its dominance over Christian Europe in both spiritual and temporal matters during the thirteenth century, this was not a state that would last. Not all nations were content with papal supremacy in temporal affairs, with France in particular having long had a tempestuous relationship with the papacy, resenting its … Continue reading Temporal over Spiritual Power in the Medieval Church? Part II: The Avignon Papacy and the Great Papal Schism
Bauhaus: Redefining Modern Art and Design in Weimar Germany
The Bauhaus art movement can be seen as defining not just a generation, but an entire century of modern art and design, influential since its formation and still pre-eminent today. Bauhaus style, of which has defining political roots, stemmed from the German art school of the same name, created in 1925 as a reactionary force … Continue reading Bauhaus: Redefining Modern Art and Design in Weimar Germany
